Well the atom being orbited by elections and the pictures they used to describe them are all fictional and simply vision tools to explain something we don't have camera equipment(electron microscope), that will ever be able to view things at a quantum level, just physics trying to explain things with visual illustrations with no visual proof.
Could that be considered different fiction? or what about we are in a computer simulation I think that is a much more harmless fiction?
Well I'm not a sociologist, but it seems the things you're describing are starting on the road to advanced thought, but they wouldn't qualify as the fictions I was talking about. Other animals are capable of this type of representational thought, but H. sapiens seems to be the only animal capable of, for example, carving a figuring with the body of a man and the head of a lion (e.g., the Stadel lion-man carved about 40,000 years ago), and telling--and convincing--others that this lion-man is our tribal guardian who will help us on our hunts.
The computer simulation would probably be a fiction in this context. Another, used in the book, is that of an L.L.C.(limited liability corporation). It doesn't exist as a physical thing, but if we pay a lawyer to write some magical words on a page, everyone will act as if this thing really exists. We refer to it as a thing, sue it if it harms us, etc... "Human rights" is another fiction that benefits us to treat as if they're real.
Neanderthals and Homo erectus were capable of abstract thought in the sense that they could make tools, seeing the arrowhead in the piece of flint. But H. erectus lived for two million years after inventing tools, and didn't progress beyond that. Neanderthals had language that probably included some more advanced concepts--we know they buried their dead, cared for the sick, made tools, and decorated themselves, but despite having larger brains than H. sapiens they don't seem to have developed the ability to create fictions, which if true, held them back from growing beyond small groups of a few dozen.